There are various theories regarding the origins of Old-Kutani, but the term generally refers to the early overglaze-decorated porcelain ware produced for only a few decades beginning in the mid-17th century. This style is considered the early form of Imari and Kutani ware.
Production of Imari ware began in the early 17th century following the introduction of ceramic techniques from the Korean Peninsula. Initially, overglaze decoration was not possible, but by the mid-17th century, improvements in technology made it feasible. The early overglaze-decorated porcelain created during this time is known collectively as the Old-Kutani style.
The painting and decoration of Old-Kutani ware were influenced by Chinese porcelain, such as Nanking Akae from the Jingdezhen kilns and Gosu Akae from the Zhangzhou kilns, both of which were being imported into Japan at the time. It was also influenced by Japanese painting styles of the period, particularly the Kano school, as well as the Tosa school and decorative styles derived from Yamato-e painting traditions.
Old-Kutani ware was primarily made for domestic use in Japan and was often used as banquet ware in the residences of feudal lords (daimyo). In the latter half of the 17th century, production in the Arita region began to shift toward export-oriented wares, leading to the development of the Kakiemon style.